Aapne kai saare product descriptions padhe honge…
Aur aapne unn wohi 3 shabdon ko baar baar dauharaate hue dekha hoga…
Cardioid, Omnidirectional, aur Figure-8.
Par inka asal mein kya MATLAB hai?
Aur yeh ITNE zaroori kyun hai jab aap kisi sahi mic ko chunn rahe ho?
Agar aapke paas sawaal hain, aur aapko jawaab chahiye…
Toh yahan, mere paas aapke liye:
Iss post mein, ek asaan guide hai jiska shirshak hai…Nausikhyon ke liye Microphone Polar Patterns ka Parichay.
Pehle hai…
Ek Pratibhaasha…
Ek microphone ka polar pattern woh 3-dimensional jagah hai jo capsule ke aas-paas hoti hai jahan woh awaaz ke liye SABSE JYADA sensitive hote hai.
3 basic patterns hai:
- omnidirectional
- figure-8
- cardioid
Yahan dekhiye ek diagram ki yeh kaise dikhte hai:
Jaisa ki aap dekh sakte hai…
- Mic 1 mein ek omnidirectional pattern hai – jiska matlab hai ki saara laal (red) kshetra ek samaan sensitve hai awaaz par.
- Mic 2 mein ek figure-8 pattern hai – matlab ki do neeli jagahen, aage aur peeche sensitive hai, jabki sides nahi.
- Mic 3 mein ek cardioid pattern hai – matlab ki har jagah mic ke aage sabse jyada sensitive hai, aur sides kam sensitive hai, aur peeche nahi.
Samaanya Variations
3 basic patterns ko chhodkar, aap dekhenge:
- Supercardioid – jo cardioid ki tarah hai, par KAM CHAUDE hai, rear sensitivity ke ek chhota bulb ke saath.
- Hypercardioid – jo supercardioid ki tarah hai, par phir bhi kam chaude hai, aur ek jyada bada bulb hai peeche ki taraf.
Kuch mics, jo “multi-pattern mics” ke naam se jaane jaate hai, kai polar patterns mein adla-badli karne ki ijazaat dete hai, zaroorat anusaar.
Ab yahan dekhiye yeh saari takhneeke kahan se aayi…
Yeh Polar Patterns Kaise Bane
Microphone takhneek ke shuruaati dino mein, sirf 2 polar patterns the:
- Omnidirectional
- Figure-8
Omidirectional Mics
Pehle jinhe “pressure” microphones ke naam se jaana jaata hai, unke diaphragms maapte the sound pressure sirf ek akele point par sthan par.
Kyunki unmein koi dishaatmak jaanakaari nahi thi, yeh sabhi dishaon se awaaz se eksamaan sensitive the.
Figure-8 Mics
Aam taur par jaana jaata hai “pressure gradient” microphones se, yeh ek open diaphragm ke dono taraf ke dabaav ke ANTAR ko maapta hai.
Iska matlab hai ki yeh bahut sensitive hai aage se peeche tak, par sides mein lagbhag poori tarah se bahara (deaf) hai.
Cardioid Mics ka Janam
Aakhirkar kisi ne paaya ki DONO omnidirectional AUR figure-8 mics ke signals ka mel kar…
Yahan dekhiye kya hota hai:
- Saamne – positive signals jud kar 2 guna aur takde ho jaate hai
- Sides par – omni se signal waisa hi rehta hai.
- Peeche – figure-8 ka negative signal omni ke positive signal ko cancel karta hai.
Jiske nateeje se hume milta hai woh jisse hum aaj standard cardioid polar pattern kehte hai.
Yahan dekhiye ek diagram jo iske baare mein samjhata hai:
Antt mein engineers ne design kiye naye cardioid capsules jo original do designs ke hybrids the. Jald hi iske baad, yeh agle patterns aaye:
Supercardioid/Hypercardioid
Agla bada badlaav aaya jab kisi ko yeh ehsaas hua ki cardioid patterns ko aur JYADA directional banaya ja sakta hai JYADA figure-8 signal ko KAM omni ke saath mix kar.
Ek side-effect ki tarah, yeh sensitivity ka ek chhota bulb banata hai peeche ki taraf.
Yeh naya pattern supercardioid ke naam se jaana jaata hai, aur iska kam chauda version hai hypercardioid.
Iss diagram ke udhaaran se, main aapko dikhaunga ki yeh kaise kaam karta hai 1 bhaag omni ko 2 bhaag figure-8 ke saath jod kar:
Achha hai?
Ab aage badhte hai…
Multi Pattern Mics Kaise Kaam Karte Hai
Har ek kaam ke liye ek alag mic ka istemaal karne ki bajay…engineers ke paas ek shaandaar vichaar aaya, ki kyun na ek hi mic mein BAHUT saari bahumukhta daali jaa sake.
Unhe ehsaas hua ki…sirf do back-to-back cardioid capsules ki output ko badalkar, aap lagbhag kisi bhi polar pattern ko recreate kar sakte hai.
Udhaaran ke liye:
- Dono cardioid signals ko jod kar, aapko ek omnidirectional pattern milta hai.
- Dono ko jodkar, par ek ki polarity reverse kar, aapko ek figure 8 pattern milta hai.
- Ek ko off kar, aur dusre ka istemaal kar, aapko ek cardioid pattern milta hai.
Aur aise hi aapko antt mein multi-pattern mics milte hai jinhe hum aaj istemaal karte hai.
Sabse mushhoor udhaaran iss tarah ke mic ka? Ek USB mic jisse Blue Yeti Pro ke naam se jaana jaata hai. Isse dekhiye.
Aage, dekhte hai inn patterns ka istemaal kar aap recording kaise kar sakte hai…
Cardioids Ko Kab Istemaal Karna Chahiye
Cardioid mics istemaal karne ka phayeda kaafi saral hai, hai na? Yeh record karte hain jahan aap unhe point karte hai, aur baaki sab ko nazarandaaz kar dete hai. Aur isiliye yeh ek spasht vikalp hai vocal mics ke liye.
Par yahan hai kuch dusre kam-spasht vikalp jahan yeh KHAASKAR upyogi hai:
- Ek drum kit ko mic karne ke samay – Itne saare upkaranon ke saath jo ek dusre ke bahut nazdeek hai, isolation namumkin lag rahi hogi. Par aisa kiya ja SAKTA hai, sahi cardioid mics ko, sahi jagahon par laga kar.
- Live performances – Stage par, jab awaazein aapko har dishayon se aa rahi hai, cardioid mics bahut achhe hai isolation maintain karne ke liye aur feedback se bachne ke liye.
- Untreated rooms – Kamron mein jahan kharab acoustics hote hai, cardioid mics ke saath close miking bahut achha kaam kar sakti hai reflected awaaz ko minimize karne mein.
Ab yeh jyadatar kisson mein aadarsh lag rahe honge…par cardioid mics mein BHI kamiyaan hai…
Do SABSE BADI kamiyan hai:
- Off-axis coloration – Jyadatar cardioid mics ke saath, aap high frequency sensitivity par ek giraav dekhte hai jaise awaaz off-axis se dur hoti jaayegi. Yeh kharaab ho sakta hai, udhaaran ke liye, ek na anubhavi gayak ke saath jo apna sir bahut hilaata ho.
- Proximity effect – Ek ghatana jo anokhi hai cardioid mics ke saath…proximity effect ek boost hai bass frequencies mein jo bahut close miking ka nateeja hai. Ussi ‘na anubhavi gaayak’ ka udhaaran lete hue, aap samajh sakte hai yeh samasyayein kaise bana sakta hai.
Supercardioid aur hypercardioid patterns, jabki zaroori hai filmmakers ke liye, yeh aam taur par istemaal nahi hote recording studio mein.
Omni’s Ko Kab Istemaal Kare
Kyunki yeh off-axis spill ki taraf ITNA jhuke hue hai…Omnidirectional mics ab utne mushhoor nahi jitne ki yeh cardioid pattern ke aavishaar ke pehle the.
Par kisi bhi tarah se yeh inhe nishphal nahi banata. Udhaaran ke liye…
Yahan hai aam sthithiyaan jahan inhe pasand kiya jaata hai:
- Jab aap kisi kamre ki awaaz record karna chahte hai – jaise ki room mics drums ke liye.
- Jab aap ek chaude sound source ki recording karna chahte hai – jaise ki orchestra, choir ya grand piano.
- Jab kisi moving target ki recording karna ho – jaisa ki ek acoustic guitar player jo tikk ke nahi baith sakta.
- Jab aap stereo mein record karte hai– jaisa ki aam A/B takhneek ke saath.
Cardioid mics ki tulna mein, omnidirectional mics mein yeh saare phayede hai:
- proximity effect se immunity
- kam self noise
- ek frequency range jo aam taur par ek poora octave kam phaili hui hai
- off-axis awaazon ka kam colouration
Yeh aakhri phaayeda khaaskar sach hai chhote diaphragm ke omni mics ke saath. Isiliye chhote diaphragm ke omni (jaise ki Earthworks mics, udhaaran ke liye) microphones ka sabse sateek maap hain.
Figure-8 Ko Kab Istemaal Kare
Toh aapko ASAL mein ek aisa mic kyun chahiye jo ek samaan sensitive ho dono sides mein? Yeh itna upyogi toh nahi sunayi de raha, hai na?
Ek cliche udhaaran jo aap baar baar sunte hai…do gaayakon ko duet record karne ke liye jo ek dusre ki taraf muh kiye hue hai.
Jahanki yeh iss kisse mein achha kaam kar lega…aisa kitni baar hota hai? Lagbhag kabhi bhi nahi.
Figure-8 mics istemaal karna jyada aam hai inn neeche ke 3 kaaranon mein se ek ke liye:
- stereo recording ke liye
- ribbon mics ke saath
- off-axis awaazon se adhiktam sound isolation ke liye
Stereo recording ke liye, figure-8 mics ki zaroorat hoti hai dono Blumlein Pair aur Mid/Side stereo techniques ko poora karne ke liye.
Ribbon mics design ke physical make up ko ek figure-8 polar pattern ki zaroorat hoti hai. Agar aapko ribbon mics pasand hai unki awaaz ke liye, figure-8 pattern asaani se package ke hisse ki tarah aata hai.
Kareeb nikat-ta (close proximity) ke upkaranon ko alag (isolate) rakhne mein, figure-8 mics aadarsh hain kyunki weh dono sides se awaaz ko bilkul nazarandaaz kar dete hain.
Smart positioning ke saath, aap jyada isolation pa sakte hai figure-8 mic ke saath kisi bhi dusre polar pattern se jyada. Ek samaanya tarqeeb hai ki aap acoustic absorption ko mic ke peeche ki taraf rakhe kisi bhi anisht awaazon ko block karne ke liye.
Bas yahi…
Toh ab jab aapko microphone polar patterns ke baare mein buniyaadi jaankaari hai, iss jaankari ka istemaal karne ka samay aa gaya.
Jabki yeh sab siddhaant saral lag rahe honge…microphone polar patterns ko asal mein mehsoos karne ke liye aapko inka prayog karna padega.
Kuch samay lijiye alag-alag upkaranon ki recording kijiye, alag-alag polar patterns ke saath, alag-alag kamron mein…aur suniye pratyek sanyojan mein kya matbhed hai.
Antt mein aapko mehsoos hoga kya kaam karta hai aur kya nahi.