Aaj kal itna dhyaan diya jaata hai sabse naye aur shaandaar gear par…
Jaise…
Condenser mics ya studio monitors…
Jisse studio ke kuch kam-aakarshak peheluyon ko nazarandaaz karna asaan ho jaata hai…
Jaise ki cables, udhaaran ke liye.
Kyunki ek baar jab sab connected hai, aur kaam kar raha hai jaise ki karne chahiye…
Aap bhul hi jaayenge ki yeh maujood hain. Aur aisa hi hona chahiye.
Par phir…
Uss sthal tak pahunchne ke liye BAHUT saari jaankaari ki aavashyakta hoti hai.
Aur isiliye, aaj ki post mein: Home Recording ke liye Audio Cables ki Sarvottam Guide
Maine iss mehetvapoorn vishay ke sabhi tathyon par ek gehari guide taiyaar ki hai.
Agar aapko apne cables ke baare mein abhi tak nahi pata, toh iss lekh ke antt tak aap yeh zaroor jaan jayenge.
Toh chaliye shuru karte hain…
Analog vs Digital Signals
Pehla sawaal jo har nausikhya poochta hai:
Analog aur digital cables mein kya farak hai?
Sankshep mein…
- Analog cables bijli ki dhaara (electricity stream) dwara information transmit karti hai, aur…
- Digital cables 1 aur 0 (urf binary code) ki ek lambi string ke madhyam se jaankari transmit karti hai.
Digital audio par sampoorn jaankaari ke liye, iss post ko dekhen. Par abhi ke liye, analog par focus karte hai.
Ab aage…
Analog Cables ki Buniyaad
Recording studio mein, 2 tarah ki analog cables hoti hain:
- Balanced
- Unbalanced
…jiska hum istemaal karte hai, audio signal ke 3 levels ko transfer karne ke liye:
- Mic Level – (balanced)
- Instrument Level – (UNbalanced)
- Line Level – (balanced)
Line level standard signal strength hai jo sabhi pro equipment (upkaranon) ke saath istemaal hota hai. Isiliye mic/instrument level signals line level par pehle boost kiye jaate hai signal chain mein pravesh karne se pehle.
Instrument level signals, jo electric guitar/bass se aate hain, ek standard guitar cable ke zariye bheje jaate hain, jo baad mein ek direct box ke zariye line level par boost kiya jaata hai.
Mic level signals, jo aapke mics se aate hai, ek standard microphone cable ke zariye bheje jaate hain, jo baad mein ek mic preamp ka istemaal kar line level par boost kiya jaata hai.
Microphone cables par aur jaankaari ke liye, iss post ko dekhen:
Ab aage…
Balanced vs. Unbalanced Cables
Agla sabse aam sawaal jo nausikhye poochte hain:
Balanced aur unbalanced cables ke beech kya antar hai?
Performance ke mamale mein:
Balanced cables shor se lagbhag aprabhaavit hoti hai, jaise ki radio frequencies, electronic equipment, ityadi, ki dakhal andaazi se. Aur isiliye yeh pro audio ke liye ek standard hai.
Design ke anusaar:
BALANCED cables mein 3 wires hoti hain:
- Signal (+)
- Signal (-)
- Ground
Jahanki UNBALANCED cables mein sirf 2 wires hoti hai:
- Signal
- Ground
Teesri wire ke jod ki wajah se hi noise-cancellation sambhav hai. Iss post mein baad mein, main samjhaunga yeh kaise kaam karti hain. Par abhi ke liye, basics ke saath jaari rehte hai.
Ab aage…
Analog Connectors ka Spashtikaran
Balanced analog cables ke dono taraf aap inn 3 connectors mein se 1 payenge:
- XLR Male – jo kai hardware inputs ke saath connect hote hain.
- XLR Female – jo micropohone aur vibhinn hardware outputs se connect hote hain.
- TRS – jo dono inputs AUR outputs ke saath connect hote hain.
In teenon connectors mein 3 contact points hai, jo pehle batayi gaye positive, negative aur ground wires se signal le jaate hain.
- XLR male mein 3 pins hain
- XLR female mein 3 chhed hain
- TRS mein 3 satahein hain jo Tip, Ring aur Sleeve ke naam se jaani jaati hai
Unbalanced analog cables jyadatar sirf ek hi connector ka istemaal karte hai, jo aam taur par instrument/guitar cables par dekhe jaane wale TS connectors hain.
Ab aage…
TRS vs TS Connectors
Teesra aam sawaal jo log poochte hai, woh hai:
TRS aur TS connectors ke beech kya antar hai?
Jaisa ki aap tasveer mein dekh sakte hai, TRS connectors mein 3 contact points hai, jabki TS connectors mein sirf 2.
TRS conector ke ek adhik teesre contact point ki wajah se hi woh ek balanced signal le jaa sakta hai.
TRS ki balanced wiring kuch iss tarah hoti hai:
- Tip = Positive
- Ring = Negative
- Sleeve = Ground
Jabki TS ki unbalanced wiring kuch iss tarah hai:
- Tip = Positive
- Sleeve = Ground
Ab aage…
Balanced Cables Shor Kaise Radd Karte hain
Maine aapse pehle vada kiya, ki main aapko dikhaunga yeh kaise kaam karte hai.
Toh yahan dekhiye iska spashtikaran:
Jab audio ek balanced cable mein pravesh karti hai….
Dono (+) aur (-) wires, signal ke identical versions prapt karte hai…
Sirf ek antar hai ki, (-) wire ki polarity PALAT jaati hai.
Jaise yeh do signals cable mein yatra karte hai, DONO wires shor ikattha karte hain, waise hi jaise unbalanced cables, magar…
Cable ke doosri taraf unke dobara judne se pehle, negative wire ki polarity WAPAS palti jaati hai positive signal ko match karne ke liye.
Ab jab woh noise patterns VIPAREET polarities par hain, yeh ek dusre ko radd kar dete hain, jisse original signal shor se mukt rehta hai.
Yeh bas shaandar hai.
Ab aage…
Signals ko Unbalanced se Balanced Mein Convert Karna
Abhi tak, aap shaayad soch rahe honge:
Agar unbalanced cables shorgul karti hain, toh inhe istemaal hi kyun karen?
Kher, jawaab hai ki…
Electric guitars aur dusre upkaranon ke design ke kaaran, ek balanced signal ke saath hamesha shuru karna mumkin nahi hota.
Par aap unhe convert kar SAKTE hai, jaise aavashyakta ho. Udhaaran ke liye, kyunki 20-25ft se lambi guitar cables shor karti hai…
Aam taur par ek direct box (urf DI, urf direct injection) istemaal hota hai unbalanced guitar signal ko balanced mic signal mein badalne ke liye…
Jo phir sainkdo foot tak extend kiya ja sakta hai, ek standard XLR mic cable ke zariye.
Ab aage…
Balanced MONO vs Unbalanced STEREO
Log aksar uljhhan mein padd jaate hain, jab woh pehli baar dekhte hain…
Ki TRS connectors jo istemaal hote hai balanced cables par…
Wohi connectors hain jo unke headphones par paye jaate hain.
Aur woh soch mein padd jaate hain ki:
Yeh kaise ho sakta hai, jab ek mono hai aur dusra stereo?
Jawaab hai ki: STEREO headphone cables UNbalanced hoti hai.
Toh balanced MONO wiring ke vipareet, jinmein (+), (-) aur ground hoti hai…
Stereo headphone wiring kuch iss tarah dikhti hai:
- Tip = Left Channel
- Ring = Right Channel
- Sleeve = Ground
Samajh gaye? Bahut badhiya.
Ab jab humne analog cables ko cover kar liya hai, iss post ke dusre hisse ko dekhte hai…
Jahan hum baat karenge…
DIGITAL Cables
Digital cables ki achhi khabar hai ki, analog cables ke vipareet, inhe istemaal karne ke liye aapko inke baare mein jyada jaanne ki zaroorat nahi.
Buri khabar hai ki, inke jaise BAHUT hai, aur maujooda walon ko lagataar badla ja raha hai jaise-jaise takhneek ka vikaas ho raha hai.
2017 tak, yahan dekhiye aapko jinke baare mein pata hona chahiye:
1. Teen Interface Cables
Ek digital cable jisse har studio mein ZAROOR hona chahiye…
Woh jo aapke audio interface ko aapke computer ke saath connect karti hai.
Aur bina koi shaq, woh inn teenon mein se ek hain:
- USB – ek standard hai budget interfaces ke liye, teenon mein se isse sabse dheema data transfer hota hai, par yeh phir bhi achha kaam kar lete hain home studios ke liye.
- Firewire – aam taur par dekha jaata hai mehenge interfaces par, yeh USB se kaafi jyada speed dete hai.
- Thunderbolt – yeh sirf naye high-end interfaces par dekha jaata hai, aur yeh bemissaal data transfer rate deta hai, jo pehle kewal kuch PCIe processing cards par hi dekha jaata tha.
Jald hi hum shayad interfaces ke saath USB 3.0 dekhenge, jo aaj ke thunderbolts ko chunauti dete hain..
Ab aage…
2. MIDI Cables
Aam taur par electronic musicians dwara istemaal hoti hai…
MIDI cables vibhinn electronic upkaranon aur sambandhit digital devices ke beech data transfer karti hain…
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) ke naam ki bhaasha ka istemaal karti hai..
Jo vibhinn prakaar ke musical information ko communicate karti hai, jinmein shaamil notes aur velocity.
Home studios mein, yeh cables jyadatar keyboard/MIDI controller se MIDI interface tak chalti hai, jo aapke computer se connect hoti hai, jisse aap apne DAW ke andar ke virtual instruments ko control kar sakte hai.
Inn dino, MIDI cables lagbhag utni aam nahi, kyunki USB cables ne ab MIDI data ko seedhe aapke computer par transfer karna mumkin banaya hai.
Ab aage…
3. Optical Cables
Light flashes ki ek shrankhala dwara information transfer kar…
Optical cables (urf lightpipe cables), digital audio ke kai saare channels ko ek akeli cable ke zariye le ja sakti hain.
2 signal jo yeh svikaar karti hai:
- ADAT – jo 48kHz ke 8 channel, ya 96kHz ke 4 channel le ja sakta hai
- S/PDIF (urf TOSLINK) – jo audio ke 2 channel le ja sakta hai
Studio mein, audio interface tak ek multi-channel mic preamp ke sabhi 8 channels ko bhejne ke liye ADAT aam taur par istemaal hota hai.
S/PDIF aam taur par istemaal hota hai aapke stereo mix ko output karne mein, audio interface se kisi external source par, jaise ki monitor speakers ka ek sasta joda.
Ab aage…
4. BNC Cables
Aapke cable TV se connect hone wale coaxial cables se milte-julte…
Par ek alag naam aur udheshya ke saath…
BNC cables istemaal hoti hain studio mein vibhinn digital devices ki internal clocks ko sync karne ke liye, jab bhi do ya jyada connected hote hain.
Inke bina, digital devices achhi tarah se sync nahi ho sakte, jiske parinaam se mis-aligned samples aur pareshan karne wale clicks aur pops hote hai audio mein.
Jahan sadhaaran studios BNC cables kabhi kabhaar hi istemaal karte hai, bade studios advanced signal routing ke saath inhe aksar istemaal karte hai.
Ab aage…
5. AES/EBU Cables
Studio cables mein se sabse ajeeb...
AES/EBU cables analog mic cables ke XLR connectors istemaal karte hai…
Ek digital optical cable ke S/PDIF signal ko transmit karne ke liye.
Jabki yeh aam nahi budget recording gear ke liye, yeh aksar istemaal hote hai high-end interfaces aur dusre hardware par.
Ek baat jo kam logon ko pata hai…
“AES/EBU” asal mein ek audio signal hai (cable NAHI), jo kaam kar sakta hai kai alag-alag connectors ke saath, jinmein shaamil:
- Optical
- BNC
- RCA
- XLR
Kyunki XLR versions hi sabse jyada mushhoor hai, isiliye hum unhe iss naam se jodte hain.
Jaisa ki aap soch sakte hai, yeh asaani se mistaken kiye ja sakte hai mic cables ke liye…toh inhe istemaal karne se pehle, inn par label laga lijiye. As you might imagine, they can be easily mistaken for mic cables…
Ab aage…
6. Cat5e Cables
Wohi cables jo ghar ke telephones ke saath istemaal ki jaati hai…
Cat5e cables studio mein bhi achha kaam kar leti hain…
Kyunki yeh ek akeli line dwara DONO power source aur digital audio ke multiple channels ko bhejne ki kshamta rakhti hai…
Aur…inki LOW LATENCY TIMES aur LAMBI DOORI tak kheenche jaane ki kshamta ke saath…
Yeh visheshtayon ka mel inhe bahut achha banate hai kai high-end headphone distribution systems ke liye.
Aur kuch jyada advanced systems audio ke 40 channels ek personal mixer tak bhej sakte hai, ek akeli cat5e cable ke saath!
Ab aage…
Power Cables
Ab jab humne dono analog aur digital cables ki baat kar li hai…
Sirf baaki hain: power cables.
Pro audios ki ek achhi baat hai ki, aap ek hi istemaal karte hai lagbhag sabhi cheezon ke liye.
IEC C13 ke naam se jaani jaati hai (ya IEC chhote ke liye), yeh cable istemaal hoti hai lagbhag sabhi cheezon ke liye, computers se lekar, studio monitors aur studio rackmount setups tak.
Samay ke saath, studios inke dher jama kar lete hai, toh agar aap kabhi ek kho de, sambhavna hai ki aapke paas kuch back-ups honge.
Ab aage…
Cable Organization
Ab jab hum antt ke kareeb aa rahe hai, antim vishay jiske baare mein main baat karna chahunge woh hai organization.
Mushkil nahi hai kalpana karna ki jyadatar studios ke liye cable organization ek lagataar sangharsh hai.
Toh iss post ko samaapt karne ke liye, yahan dekhiye 3 tips jo isse asaan banane mein aapki madadd karengi:
1. Snake Cables ka Istemaal Kare
Agar bahut saari cables aapki samasya hai…
Toh ek snake cable achha samadhaan de sakti hai…
Kai saari cables ko EK main jod kar.
Home studios ke liye, ismein 2 munaafe hai:
Pehla, aap apne rack ke peeche ki gadbadi ko bahut kam kar sakte hain, taaki aap badlaav la sake bina cables ke jhaad ko saltaye.
Dusra, yeh aapke mic preamp ke inputs ko relocate karne ki ijaazat deti hai, kamre mein kahin bhi…jo aapko apne rack ke peeche khudaayi karne ka ek kam kaaran deta hai.
Snake cables ke baare mein aur jaane ke liye, iss lekh ko padhiye:
Ab aage…
2. Cable Winders ka Istemaal Kare
Jabki pro studios hasenge cable winders ke vichaar par…
Ek aam bedroom studio mein, jahan har din aap apni EK guitar cable aur EK mic cable lapete hain…
Cable winders iss thakau kaam ko jyada asaan banate hai.
Extend karne ke liye, inhe kheenchiye utni lambayi tak jitni aapko chahiye aur yeh apne aap uss jagah par lock ho jayenge.
Usse waapis lene ke liye, uske base par thoda sa khichiye, aur yeh khud b khud roll ho jayenge.
Jabki kai log inhe nautanki maante hain…kai saare dusre log hai (jinmein main khud) inhe bahut pasand karte hai.
Home studios ke liye, yahan hai 3 jinki main sifarish karta hoon:
Aur aakhri tip ke liye…
3. Apni Cables ko Khud Taanka Lagaye
Pro studios mein, aap bahut kam dekhenge ki cables kahin bhi dikhti hain. Kaaran hai ki…
Apni cables ko kaat aur jod kar, woh har cable ko uski theek lambayi par bana lete hain.
Home studios mein dusri taraf, sambhavna hai ki ek 25 ft cable istemaal ho rahi hai ek 3 ft connection ke liye.
Soch rahe hai soldering bahut mushkil hai?
Kher main aapko anubhav se bata sakta hoon, yeh utna mushkil nahi jitna log samjhte hai. Kuch sadhaaran upkaranon aur kuch abhyaas ke saath, lagbhag koi bhi yeh kar sakta hai.
Toh agar aapko dilchaspi hai…
Yahan dekhiye ek achhi video jo batati hai ki yeh kaisa kiya ja sakta hai:
Aur yahan hai ek checklist unn aavashyak cheezon ki jinki humne baat ki hai:
- Samaan:
- ek joda pliers (plaas) wire cutter ke saath
- ek soldering iron (taanka lagaane ka yantra)
- ek solder ka roll
- Parts:
- ek balanced cable ka roll
- XLR male aur female connectors
- TRS connectors
Iss kaam ki main sabko salah nahi doonga, par log jo kaarigari pasand karte hai asaani se iss takhneek ko kuch hi ghanton mein seekh sakte hai.
Aur iska ek aur munafa hai ki…
Woh saare puraane cables aur connectors jo aap ab istemaal nahi karte, baar-baar istemaal kiye ja sakte hai, aapke studio ki hamesha badalti zarooraton ko poora karne ke liye.